The ICC Cricket World Cup is the international championship of One Day International(ODI) cricket. The event is organised by the sport's governing body, the International Cricket Council (ICC), with preliminary qualification rounds leading up to a finals tournament which is held every four years. The tournament is one of the world's most viewed sporting events, ranked behind only the FIFA World Cup and the Summer Olympics, and is considered the "flagship event of the international cricket calendar" by the ICC.
The first World Cup was organised in England in June 1975, with the first ODI cricket match having been played only four years prior. However, a separate Women's Cricket World Cup had been held two years before the first men's tournament, and a tournament involving multiple international teams had been held as early as 1912, when a "triangular" tournament of Test matches was played between Australia, England andSouth Africa. Each of the first three World Cups were held in England. From the 1987 tournament onwards, hosting has been shared between countries under an unofficial rotation system, with fourteen ICC members having hosted at least one match in the tournament. Hosting of a single edition is often shared between neighbouring countries—the tournament's most recent edition (held in 2011 and won by India), was shared between Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka.
The finals of the World Cup are contested by all ten full members of the ICC (that is, Test-playing teams) and a number of teams (four at the 2011 tournament) made up from associate and affiliate members of the ICC, selected via the World Cricket League and a later qualifying tournament. A total of 19 teams have competed in the ten editions of the tournament, with 14 competing in the 2011 tournament. Australia has won the tournament a record four times, with the West Indies, India (twice each), Pakistan and Sri Lanka(once each) also having won the tournament. The best performance by a non-full-member team at the tournament came whenKenya made the semi-finals of the 2003 tournament.
The 1987 tournament, named the Reliance World Cup after their Indian sponsors, was held in India and Pakistan, the first time that the competition was held outside England. All the test sides along with Zimbabwe who qualified again through the ICC Trophy competed. The games were reduced from 60 to 50 overs per innings, the current standard, because of the shorter daylight hours in the Indian subcontinent compared with England's summer.When India and Pakistan made it to the semi-finals, many thought a dream final between the old rivals would be the outcome. Unfortunately for the home fans, it was a face-off between two other old rivals - England and Australia - that came to pass. Australia won the championship by defeating England by 7 runs in the final, the closest margin in World Cup final history. Graham Gooch was the top run getter with 471 runs, becoming the first cricketer to score more than 400 runs in a single edition. Craig McDermot took the maximum (18) wickets.
The 1992 World Cup, held in Australia and New Zealand, introduced many changes to the game, such as coloured clothing, white balls, day/night matches, and an alteration to the fielding restrictions. All the test nations competed including the South African cricket team who participated in the event for the first time, following the fall of the apartheid regime and the end of the international sports boycott.Zimbabwe who for the third time qualified by winning the ICC Trophy also competed and would play their first Test match later in 1992. South Africa performed better than expectations and lost to England in the semi-final after the target came down to them needing 24 off 1 ball, from 24 in 13 balls, as per the rain rule in existence at that time. Pakistan overcame a dismal start to emerge as champioins, defeating England by 22 runs in the final and therefore winning the first white-ball world cup.Martin Crowe scored the maximum, 456 runs and Wasim Akram was the top wicket taker with 18 wickets.
The 1996 championship was held in the Indian subcontinent for a second time, Pakistan and India with the inclusion of Sri Lanka as host for some of its group stage matches.The 9 test nations including the newly appointed full member Zimbabwe participated in this World Cup, along with the top 3 performers in the ICC Trophy: Kenya, Netherlands and UAE. Sri Lanka revolutionised the one-day format with their manic hitting in the first 15 overs, even while chasing, and were deserved winners. The tournament was marred by controversy, though. There was the refusal by Australia and West Indies to play in Sri Lanka, and the Kolkata semi-final. In the semi-final, Sri Lanka, heading towards a crushing victory over India at Eden Gardens after their hosts lost eight wickets while scoring 120 runs in pursuit of 254, were awarded victory by default after crowd unrest broke out in protest against the Indian performance.Sri Lanka went on to win their maiden championship by defeating Australia by seven wickets in the final, courtsey a brilliant All Round performance by Aravinda DeSilva, which was held in Lahore. Sachin Tendulkar was the highest run getter with 523 runs, becoming the first to cross the 500 run mark. Mark Waugh scored 3 centuries and became the first person to do so in a single edition. Anil Kumble was the top wicket taker with 15 wickets.